Three networks have currently been implicated within hypnosis research: the salience network (SN), the central executive network (CEN), and the Default Mode Network (DMN) ( Landry and Raz 2017). In this study, we concentrate on ‘neutral hypnosis’ -a hypnotic induction without further suggestions-to investigate the changes brought about in brain dynamics by a simple single-word post-hypnotic induction.
Furthermore, most studies have included a specific suggestion which makes it difficult to distinguish between changes in the background state configuration and the task-specific changes engaged by the suggestion.
The observed changes could also simply reflect normal variation in brain activity (see e.g. 2017) have shown hypnosis to be associated with changes in neural activation patterns, these findings are both inconclusive and inconsistent ( Landry and Raz 2017). What kinds of changes in brain activation and neural dynamics accompany hypnosis? While numerous studies (e.g. Our specific aim is to test whether the brain can be shifted to a fundamentally different dynamic state based on hypnotic induction. Instead, we solely focus on characterizing the global neural-level changes that accompany hypnosis. Here, our aim is not to test between these two classes of theories. While this question is often framed by contrasting so-called state theories of hypnosis with socio-cognitive (‘non-state’) theories, this dichotomy is simplified, and hypnosis is likely best be explained by a combination of the two views ( Kirsch and Lynn 1995 Kallio and Revonsuo 2003). At the heart of this debate is the question whether hypnosis changes the way the individual processes information. producing realistic-seeming hallucinations ( Oakley and Halligan 2013). Hypnotic suggestions can have profound effects on behaviour and experience in some individuals, e.g. We interpret these findings to suggest a shift in the underlying state of the brain, likely moderating subsequent hypnotic responding. Changes in perturbational complexity indicate a similar move towards a more segregated state. We show that a single-word hypnotic induction robustly shifted global neural connectivity into a state where activity remained sustained but failed to ignite strong, coherent activity in frontoparietal cortices. Such a measure produces a response arguably outside the subject’s voluntary control and has been proven adequate for discriminating conscious from unconscious brain states. We measured the complexity of electrophysiological response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in one ‘hypnotic virtuoso’. Brain activation varies greatly during wakefulness and can be voluntarily influenced. Can the brain be shifted into a different state using a simple social cue, as tests on highly hypnotizable subjects would suggest? Demonstrating an altered global brain state is difficult.
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